Différences

Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.

--- tech:notes_ansible [2026/03/03 13:46] – Jean-Baptiste
+++ tech:notes_ansible [2026/06/29 14:38] (Version actuelle) – Jean-Baptiste
@@ Ligne 1: / Ligne 1: @@
+<!DOCTYPE markdown>
+{{tag>Brouillon}}
+# Notes Ansible
+Voir :
+* https://docs.ansible.com/ecosystem.html
+* https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/
+* http://william.shallum.net/random-notes/random-ansible-tricks
+* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNB1at8mJWY
+* http://www.ageekslab.com/ansible/ansible3/ (boucles imbriquées)
+* [Booster vos pratiques DEVOPS avec Ansible AWX](https://blog.steamulo.com/booster-vos-pratiques-devops-avec-ansible-awx-9a9c20734a71)
+* https://github.com/STEAMULO
+* http://people.redhat.com/mlessard/mtl/presentations/apr2018/AnsibleF5WorkshopVF.pdf
+* https://legacy-controller-docs.ansible.com/automation-controller/latest/html/
+Liste des modules Ansible par catégorie : https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/2.9/modules/modules_by_category.html
+Glossary
+* https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/reference_appendices/glossary.html
+Voir mode pull :
+* https://blog.octo.com/ansible-pull-killer-feature
+Voir aussi :
+* https://www.packer.io
+Exemples cool :
+* https://github.com/ansible/ansible-examples/blob/master/language_features/register_logic.yml
+* https://codepoets.co.uk/2014/ansible-random-things/
+A lire
+  * https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/playbooks_advanced_syntax.html
+  * https://docs.w3cub.com/ansible~2.9/user_guide/playbooks_advanced_syntax
+  * https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/playbooks_loops.html
+  * https://runebook.dev/fr/docs/ansible/user_guide/playbooks_loops
+  * https://runebook.dev/fr/docs/ansible/plugins/lookup
+  * https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/playbooks_loops.html
+## Install et config
+### Install avec PIP
+`https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mrlesmithjr/ansible-samba/master/provision.sh`
+~~~bash
+#!/bin/bash
+sudo apt-get update
+sudo apt-get install -y git python-pip python-dev
+sudo pip install jinja2
+sudo pip install ansible
+sudo ansible-galaxy install -r /vagrant/requirements.yml -f
+ansible-playbook -i "localhost," -c local /vagrant/playbook.yml
+~~~
+### Doc
+Voir ansible-doc. Exemple :
+~~~bash
+ansible-doc -t keyword -l
+~~~
+### Inventaire
+Voir :
+* https://blog.stephane-robert.info/post/ansible-inventaire-static-precedence-tips/
+* https://blog.stephane-robert.info/post/ansible-inventaire-dynamique-vagrant/
+* https://linux.goffinet.org/ansible/comprendre-inventaire-ansible/
+* https://blog.octo.com/ansible-inventory-du-statique-au-dynamique/
+"inline content" inventory
+~~~bash
+ansible -m ping all -i 'node1,node2,'
+~~~
+lister toutes les nœuds
+~~~bash
+ansible-inventory --list -y
+~~~
+## config
+~~~bash
+cp /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg ~/.ansible.cfg
+mkdir ~/.ansible
+cp /etc/ansible/hosts ~/.ansible/hosts.ini
+sed -i -e 's%/etc/ansible/hosts%$HOME/.ansible/hosts.ini%' ~/.ansible.cfg
+sed -i -e 's%#\(.*$HOME/\.ansible/hosts.ini\)%\1%' ~/.ansible.cfg
+sed -i -e 's/^remote_port/#remote_port/' ~/.ansible.cfg
+echo "localhost ansible_connection=local" >>  ~/.ansible/hosts.ini
+~~~
+Ou
+`/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg`
+~~~ini
+[defaults]
+host_key_checking = False
+timeout = 60
+vault_password_file = /var/lib/plop/ansible/vault/vault_pass.txt
+ansible_managed = Ansible managed file, do not edit directly
+filter_plugins = /var/lib/plop/ansible/filter_plugins/
+lookup_plugins = /var/lib/plop/ansible/lookup_plugins/
+library = /var/lib/plop/ansible/library/
+remote_tmp = /tmp/.ansible
+local_tmp = /tmp/.ansible
+#allow_world_readable_tmpfiles = true
+[ssh_connection]
+pipelining = True
+ssh_args = -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPersist=30m -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null
+~~~
+~~~bash
+export ANSIBLE_CONFIG=$HOME/.ansible.cfg
+ansible -i ~/.ansible/hosts.ini test -m ping
+~~~
+La connexion via SSH doit être configurée via ~/.ssh/config et via ssh-agent.
+Si besion :
+~~~bash
+ssh-agent -k
+eval $(ssh-agent -s)
+ssh-add
+~~~
+Exemple de conf par variables
+~~~bash
+export ANSIBLE_ALLOW_EMBEDDED_TEMPLATES=false
+export ANSIBLE_NOCOWS=true
+export BECOME_ALLOW_SAME_USER=false
+export ANSIBLE_PRIVATE_ROLE_VARS=true
+export ANSIBLE_DISPLAY_ARGS_TO_STDOUT=true
+export ANSIBLE_DISPLAY_TRACEBACK=always
+export ANSIBLE_DUPLICATE_YAML_DICT_KEY=error
+# export ANSIBLE_ENABLE_TASK_DEBUGGER=true
+export ANSIBLE_HOST_PATTERN_MISMATCH=error
+export ANSIBLE_INVENTORY_ANY_UNPARSED_IS_FAILED=true
+export ANSIBLE_INVENTORY_UNPARSED_FAILED=true
+~~~
+## Usage
+Sudo / become
+~~~bash
+ansible-playbook -u user -kKb playbook.yml
+~~~
+## Sur les serveurs distants
+~~~bash
+apt-get install python-minimal libpython-stdlib sudo
+~~~
+## Traitements parallèles
+Voir :
+* [[Ansible - Accélérer Ansible grâce au module Mitogen]]
+* [[Notes commande xargs]]
+Exemple 1
+`ansible.cfg`
+~~~ini
+[defaults]
+strategy = free
+~~~
+Exemple 2
+~~~bash
+ansible -e serial_number=50
+~~~
+## Connexions
+~~~ini
+[arista]
+eos ansible_host=192.168.2.10 ansible_connection=network_cli ansible_network_os=eos
+[juniper]
+junos ansible_host=192.168.2.20 ansible_connection=netconf ansible_network_os=junos
+~~~
+## Autres
+Lancer une commande
+~~~bash
+ansible all -a "free -m"
+~~~
+Lancer une commande bash (utilisation Pipe vars etc...)
+~~~bash
+ansible all -m shell -a "ifconfig | grep inet"
+~~~
+Connaître toutes les variables et les valeurs associées (Nom machine, mémoire, Version noyaux ...)
+~~~bash
+ansible all -m setup
+~~~
+Lancer une commande simultanément sur plusieurs serveurs par lots de 2 machines
+**-s** pour **sudo**
+~~~bash
+ansible webservers -m service -a "name=nginx state=restarted" --forks=2 -s
+~~~
+Mode "noop" / "dry-run"
+** --check** \
+ou **--check--diff --limit foo.example.com**
+`always_run: True` sinon `--check` n’exécute pas les instructions du module **shell**,
+lineinfile
+A la place de **lineinfile** il existe aussi **replace**
+### Dépendance de rôles
+Quand un rôle dépend d'un autre. \\
+Ici **foo** dépend de **bar**
+`roles/foo/meta/main.yml`
+~~~yaml
+---
+allow_duplicates: no
+dependencies:
+  - role: bar
+~~~
+## Exemple
+Exemple
+* Découpage "role" un plusieurs morceaux (split role)
+* "when when"
+* **Include** dans un **role**
+* Action si fichier n'existe pas
+** Si `/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rpcbind.service` n'existe pas faire :
+*** `systemctl add-wants multi-user.target rpcbind.service`
+`/roles/nis_client/tasks/main.yml`
+~~~yaml
+---
+- name: Include tasks
+  ansible.builtin.include_tasks: "{{ ansible_os_family | lower }}.yml"
+~~~
+`/roles/nis_client/tasks/debian.yml`
+~~~yaml
+---
+  - name: Ubuntu lancer rpcbind avant NIS
+    stat: path='/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rpcbind.service'
+    register: systemdwants
+  - name: DEBUG
+    debug: msg="systemdwants = {{ systemdwants }}"
+  - name: Ubuntu lancer rpcbind avant NIS 2
+    command: systemctl add-wants multi-user.target rpcbind.service
+    # when: systemdwants.stat.exists == False
+    when: not systemdwants.stat.exists
+    notify:
+      - restart nis
+~~~
+### Vérifier si un paquet deb est déjà installé
+Source : http://chaosmail.github.io/programming/2015/03/04/install-deb-packages-in-ansible/
+~~~yaml
+---
+- name: Check if my_package is installed
+  command: dpkg-query -W my_package
+  register: my_package_check_deb
+  failed_when: my_package_check_deb.rc > 1
+  changed_when: my_package_check_deb.rc == 1
+  check_mode: false
+- name: copie du paquet my_package
+  copy: src=my_package_linux.ubuntu14.04_x86-64.deb dest=/root/my_package_linux.ubuntu14.04_x86-64.deb
+  changed_when: my_package_check_deb.rc == 1
+- name: installation des dépendances
+  apt: name=libacl1 state=present
+  changed_when: my_package_check_deb.rc == 1
+- name: install du paquet
+  apt: deb=/root/my_package_linux.ubuntu14.04_x86-64.deb
+  changed_when: my_package_check_deb.rc == 1
+~~~
+### Exemple de find shell
+~~~yaml
+- name: /var/log/* readable by user process - find
+  shell: 'find /var/log/ -not \( -perm /o=r -o -user process \)  -a -not \( -wholename "/var/log/btmp*" \)'
+  changed_when: False
+  always_run: True
+  register: list_files_var_log_notreadable
+- name: /var/log/* readable by user process - set
+  file: mode="o+rX" dest={{ item }}
+  #file: mode="0755" dest={{ item }}
+  with_items:
+    - "{{ list_files_var_log_notreadable.stdout.split('\n') }}"
+  when: list_files_var_log_notreadable.stdout != ""
+~~~
+### Exemples include role conditionnel
+Exemple 1
+~~~yaml
+- hosts: webservers
+  roles:
+     - { role: debian_stock_config, when: ansible_os_family == 'Debian' }
+~~~
+Exemple 2
+~~~yaml
+- name: Enable local cache DNS
+  include_role:
+    name: acme.dns.enable_local_cache_dns
+  vars:
+    EVAR_BACKUP_NAME: postinstall
+    host_func_excluded:
+      - FOO
+    # trigramme_appli: "{{ inventory_hostname[5:8] }}"
+    trigramme_appli: "{{ ansible_hostname[5:8] }}"
+  when: not trigramme_appli | lower in host_func_excluded | lower
+~~~
+## Notes Ansible
+### Lancer l'action même si Check Mode (Dry Run) `--check`
+always_run is deprecated. Use check_mode = no instead
+~~~yaml
+#always_run: true
+check_mode: false
+~~~
+Parfois il est préférable de trouver une solution plus élégante. Par exemple :
+~~~yaml
+- name: mkdir /san/label
+  file: dest='/san/{{ item }}' state=directory
+  with_items:
+    #- '{{ list_label_ext4devs.stdout_lines }}'
+    #- '{{ list_label_xfsdevs.stdout_lines }}'
+    - '{{ list_label_ext4devs.stdout_lines | default() }}'
+    - '{{ list_label_xfsdevs.stdout_lines  | default() }}'
+~~~
+Ici nous utilisons `default()` pour éviter une erreur à cause d'un champ vide
+~~~
+fatal: [plop1]: FAILED! => {"failed": true, "msg": "'dict object' has no attribute 'stdout_lines'"}
+~~~
+### Ignorer si mode check (ne pas tester)
+`when: not ansible_check_mode`
+~~~bash
+- name: activation service sysstat 1
+  lineinfile: dest=/etc/default/sysstat line='ENABLED="false"' state=absent
+  when: not ansible_check_mode
+~~~
+### Exemple module command ne lancer qu'une seule fois une commande.
+~~~yaml
+- name: newer autolock screen - do conf
+  command: dbus-launch gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.lockdown disable-lock-screen true
+  become: '{{ autologin_user }}'
+  args:
+    creates: /root/.ansible-jalon-disable-lock-screen
+- name: newer autolock screen - jalon exist ?
+  stat: path=/root/.ansible-jalon-disable-lock-screen
+  register: p
+- name: newer autolock screen - jalon touch
+  file: path=/root/.ansible-jalon-disable-lock-screen state=touch
+  # when: p.stat.exists == False
+  when: not p.stat.exists
+~~~
+## Gather_fact partiel
+Grâce à `gather_subset`
+`play.yml`
+~~~yaml
+- name: Test
+  hosts: all
+  gather_subset: os_family
+~~~
+## Copie de fichiers
+Une alternative à M(copy)
+~~~yaml
+- name: Download file from a file path
+  # ansible.builtin.copy:
+  ansible.builtin.get_url:
+    url: file:///tmp/a_file.txt
+    dest: /tmp/afilecopy.txt
+~~~
+## Pb
+### becoming-an-unprivileged-user Err Failed to set permissions on the temporary...Not owner\nchown
+Lors de l’exécution d’un playbook Ansible avec un sudo (become) faisant appel à un utilisateur non privilégié (ici « oracle »)
+~~~bash
+ansible -m ping -u user01 -i srv1,  all --become-user=oracle -b
+~~~
+Nous avons l’erreur suivante :
+~~~
+srv1 | FAILED! => {
+    "msg": "Failed to set permissions on the temporary files Ansible needs to create when becoming an unprivileged user (rc: 1, err: chown: /var/tmp/ansible-tmp-1685976784.0795348-3077033-272077328342364/: Not owner\nchown: /var/tmp/ansible-tmp-1685976784.0795348-3077033-272077328342364/AnsiballZ_ping.py: Not owner\n}). For information on working around this, see https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/become.html#becoming-an-unprivileged-user"
+}
+~~~
+Apparemment cela concernerait que AIX.
+Solution
+La solution de contournement la plus simple à mettre en place est de définir à True la variable `ansible_shell_allow_world_readable_temp`
+`play1.yml`
+~~~yaml
+#!/usr/bin/ansible-playbook
+#
+#  ./play1.yml -u user01 -i srv1,
+---
+- name: test sudo oracle
+  hosts: all
+  gather_facts: false
+  become: true
+  become_user: oracle
+  vars:
+    ansible_shell_allow_world_readable_temp: true
+  tasks:
+    - name: command id
+      command: id
+      changed_when: false
+      register: cmd_id
+    - name: echo id
+      debug:
+        var: cmd_id
+~~~
+### Remote copy does not support recursive copy of directory
+Le module **copy** ne supporte pas les copies de répertoire (mode récursif). \\
+Le module **synchronize** est plus approprié.
+Dans notre exemple nous voulons copier srv1:/mnt/plop/ sur srv1:/tmp/
+Note : peut-être que cela marche avec 'directory_mode'
+~~~yaml
+- name: push omniplanar installer
+  copy:
+    src: /mnt/plop/
+    dest: /tmp
+    remote_src: True
+    #directory_mode: True
+~~~
+Solution
+~~~yaml
+- name: push plop
+  synchronize:
+    src: /mnt/plop/plop.run
+    dest: /usr/local/bin/
+    rsync_opts:
+      - "--chmod=F755"
+      - "--chown=root:staff"
+  #delegate_to: "{{ inventory_hostname }}"
+  use_ssh_args: true
+~~~
+### Failed to set permissions on the temporary files Ansible needs to create when becoming an unprivileged user
+Erreur
+~~~
+fatal: [aws-zbx1]: FAILED! => {"msg": "Failed to set permissions on the temporary files Ansible needs to create when becoming an unprivileged user (rc: 1, err: chown: changing ownership of '/var/tmp/ansible-tmp-1559124598.47-172527571991348/': Operation not permitted\nchown: changing ownership of '/var/tmp/ansible-tmp-1559124598.47-172527571991348/AnsiballZ_postgresql_db.py': Operation not permitted\n}). For information on working around this, see https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/become.html#becoming-an-unprivileged-user"
+~~~
+Solution
+`~/.ansible.cfg`
+~~~ini
+[defaults]
+allow_world_readable_tmpfiles = true
+~~~
+ou
+~~~yaml
+  vars:
+    ansible_shell_allow_world_readable_temp: true
+~~~
+Voir https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/become.html#becoming-an-unprivileged-user
+### sudo: no tty present and no askpass program specified
+Solution de contournement (workaround)
+Source: https://github.com/ansible/ansible/issues/15297
+~~~yaml
+  lineinfile:
+    path: /etc/sudoers
+    state: present
+    insertafter: EOF
+    line: '{{ ansible_user }} ALL=NOPASSWD:/usr/bin/rsync'
+~~~
+Solution 2
+Source : https://github.com/ansible/ansible/issues/20769
+Applique la perte de l'élévation de privilèges
+Ajouter `rsync_path: /usr/bin/rsync`
+~~~yaml
+  tasks:
+    - name: Synchronization of src on the control machine to dest on the remote hosts
+      synchronize:
+        src: /etc/hostname
+        dest: /home/user
+        rsync_path: /usr/bin/rsync
+~~~
+### Pb No module named 'ansible'
+~~~
+$ ansible --version
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+  File "/usr/bin/ansible", line 34, in <module>
+    from ansible import context
+ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'ansible'
+~~~
+#### Solution
+Test
+~~~bash
+env PYTHONPATH=/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages ansible --version
+~~~
+Solution si test OK
+`~/.bashrc`
+~~~bash
+# Fix bug Ansible : No module named 'ansible'
+export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages
+~~~
+### Err template error while templating string: Could not load \"search\": 'search'.
+~~~
+TASK [dns_update_resolv_conf : Remove immutable attribute] **************************************************************************************************
+fatal: [localhost]: FAILED! => {"msg": "The conditional check 'stat_resolv_conf.stat.attr_flags | search(\"i\")' failed. The error was: template error while templating string: Could not load \"search\": 'search'. String: {% if stat_resolv_conf.stat.attr_flags | search(\"i\") %} True {% else %} False {% endif %}. Could not load \"search\": 'search'\n\nThe error appears to be in '/home/jean/code/dns_update_resolv_conf/roles/dns_update_resolv_conf/tasks/main.yml': line 147, column 3, but may\nbe elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.\n\nThe offending line appears to be:\n\n\n- name: Remove immutable attribute\n  ^ here\n"}
+~~~
+#### Solution
+Change
+~~~yaml
+when:
+    - result | failed
+~~~
+By
+~~~yaml
+when:
+    - result is failed
+~~~
+Example :
+~~~yaml
+- name: Remove immutable attribute
+  become: true
+  ansible.builtin.file:
+    path: "{{ resolv_filepath }}"
+    attributes: "-i"
+  # when: stat_resolv_conf.stat.attr_flags | search("i")
+  when: stat_resolv_conf.stat.attr_flags is search("i")
+~~~
+### Pb passer un boolean ou des listes en extravars à Ansible
+#### Solution
+Passer par du JSON
+~~~
+--extra-vars '{"abc": false}'
+--extra-vars '{"abc": ["elm",] }'
+~~~
+## Test
+Voir :
+* [Monkeyble: Framework de test bout en bout pour Ansible](https://linuxfr.org/news/presentation-de-monkeyble-framework-de-test-bout-en-bout-pour-ansible)
+* ansible-test
+* Molecule
+* bats
+* [Test Kitchen](https://blog.stephane-robert.info/post/test-role-ansible-kitchenci-serverspec/)
+* https://docs.openstack.org/openstack-ansible/latest/contributors/testing.html
+~~~bash
+ansible-test sanity --list-tests
+ansible-test sanity --docker
+~~~
+### Molecule
+[Introducing Ansible Molecule with Ansible Automation Platform]([https://developers.redhat.com/articles/2023/09/13/introducing-ansible-molecule-ansible-automation-platform)
+## Debug
+~~~
+env ANSIBLE_NOCOLOR=1 ansible-playbook -vvvvv
+~~~
+Voir le module debug
+~~~
+env ANSIBLE_DEBUG=1 ansible-playbook
+~~~
+### Ansible-lint
+Voir :
+ * https://ansible.readthedocs.io/projects/lint/configuring/#specifying-configuration-files
+ * [Ansible-lint un vérificateur de syntaxe yaml playbook / rôle](https://github.com/willthames/ansible-lint)
+`.ansible-lint`
+~~~yaml
+---
+profile: null
+exclude_paths:
+  - test/playbook.yml
+~~~
+~~~yaml
+---
+# Offline mode disables installation of requirements.yml and schema refreshing
+offline: true
+profile: production
+exclude_paths:
+  - .git/
+  - .github/
+  - .gitlab/
+  - .cache/
+warn_list:
+  - var_naming
+  - idiom
+skip_list:
+  - var-naming[no-role-prefix]
+~~~
+`.ansible-lint-ignore`
+~~~python
+roles/agent/defaults/main.yml var-naming[no-role-prefix]
+~~~
+Exeption :
+Utiliser **skip_ansible_lint**
+Exemple :
+~~~yaml
+- name: Kustomize get image
+  become: true
+  become_user: "{{ user_k8s }}"
+  ansible.builtin.shell:
+    chdir: "{{ myhome }}/awx-operator"
+    cmd: "{{ myhome }}/awx-operator/bin/kustomize build config/default"
+  changed_when: false
+  register: reg_image
+  tags: skip_ansible_lint
+~~~
+### Syntax
+Voir :
+* `ansible-playbook --syntax-check`
+* Ansible-lint
+### Callback plugin
+https://beingasysadmin.wordpress.com/2015/06/03/ping-your-ansible-from-slack/
+## Autres
+~~~python
+ansible_python_interpreter=/home/user/network-automation/venv/bin/python
+~~~