Différences

Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.

--- tech:notes_git [2026/01/28 13:50] – Jean-Baptiste
+++ tech:notes_git [2026/07/01 17:36] (Version actuelle) – Jean-Baptiste
@@ Ligne 1: / Ligne 1: @@
+<!DOCTYPE markdown>
+{{tag>Brouillon git}}
+# Notes GIT
+Voir :
+* [[Notes git - Convention commit - Bien nommer ses commits]]
+Voir aussi :
+* [Git-lint](https://www.alchemists.io/projects/git-lint/)
+Clients graphiques :
+* gitg
+* gitk
+* qgit
+* tig (console)
+* git-cola
+## Basic
+Voir :
+* https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPoAfTkDs_JbMPY-BXzud0aMhKKhcstRc
+* https://ndpsoftware.com/git-cheatsheet.html
+* https://confluence.atlassian.com/bitbucketserver094/basic-git-commands-1489801692.html?utm_campaign=in-app-help&utm_medium=in-app-help
+* [7 Git articles every open source practitioner should read](https://opensource.com/article/23/1/git-articles)
+* https://developers.redhat.com/cheat-sheets/git-cheat-sheet
+* Oh My Git!
+* http://bayledes.free.fr/systeme/git.html
+Git
+Undo uncommited
+~~~bash
+git checkout -f
+~~~
+will remove any non-committed changes.
+Par exemple pour annuler un pb de merge
+### Undo commit
+IF you have NOT pushed your changes to remote
+~~~bash
+git reset HEAD~1
+~~~
+Check if the working copy is clean by `git status`
+ELSE you have pushed your changes to remote
+~~~bash
+git revert --no-commit HEAD
+~~~
+This command will revert/remove the local commits/change and then you can push
+#### Revert multiple commits
+~~~bash
+git log --oneline
+~~~
+~~~
+A <-- B  <-- C <-- D                                  <-- master <-- HEAD
+~~~
+~~~bash
+git revert --no-commit D
+git revert --no-commit C
+git revert --no-commit B
+git commit -m "the commit message for all of them"
+~~~
+ou
+~~~bash
+git reset --hard A
+git reset --soft D # (or ORIG_HEAD or @{1} [previous location of HEAD]), all of which are D
+git commit
+~~~
+ou
+~~~bash
+git revert --no-commit HEAD~3..
+git revert master~3..master
+# Revert all commits from and including B to HEAD, inclusively
+git revert --no-commit B^..HEAD
+git commit -m 'message'
+~~~
+ou
+~~~bash
+git reset --hard <hash>
+git push -f
+~~~
+### check before git push
+~~~bash
+#git diff --stat --cached [remote/branch]
+git diff --stat --cached origin/master
+~~~
+or
+~~~bash
+git push --dry-run
+~~~
+For the code diff of the files to be pushed, run:
+~~~bash
+git diff [remote repo/branch]
+~~~
+To see full file paths of the files that will change, run:
+~~~bash
+git diff --name-only [remote repo/branch]
+# Ou encore
+git diff --name-status [remote repo/branch]
+git diff --numstat [remote repo/branch]
+~~~
+## Git workflow
+Voir :
+* https://www.nicoespeon.com/fr/2013/08/quel-git-workflow-pour-mon-projet/#le_github_flow
+* https://www.atlassian.com/fr/git/tutorials/comparing-workflows
+* Git-flow
+## Configurer son environnement
+`~/.bashrc`
+~~~bash
+export PS1='\u@\h:\w$(__git_ps1) \$ '
+export GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=1 GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=1 GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=1
+export GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM=verbose GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE=branch
+~~~
+~~~bash
+git config --global status.submoduleSummary true
+~~~
+## Create a new repository on the command line
+~~~bash
+touch README.md
+git init
+git add README.md
+git commit -m "first commit"
+git remote add origin git@git.acme.fr:jean/docker-dokuwiki.git
+git push -u origin master
+~~~
+## Push an existing repository from the command line
+~~~bash
+git remote add origin git@git.acme.fr:jean/docker-dokuwiki.git
+git push -u origin master
+~~~
+## Change remote location
+~~~bash
+git remote set-url ssh://gogs@new.acme.fr/user/projet
+git remote set-url origin ssh://git@new.acme.fr/user/projet ssh://git@old.acme.fr/user/projet
+git remote set-url --push origin ssh://git@new.acme.fr/user/projet
+~~~
+## Git grep
+Search the working directory for `foo()`
+~~~bash
+git grep "foo()"
+~~~
+## Branches et merge
+Créer une nouvelle branche locale
+~~~bash
+# Créer la branch
+git branch bugfix1
+# Travailler dans la branch spécifiée
+git checkout bugfix1
+~~~
+ou
+~~~bash
+git checkout -b bugfix1
+~~~
+Checkout a remote Git branch
+~~~bash
+$ git fetch
+$ git branch -v -a
+...
+remotes/origin/dev
+$ git checkout dev
+~~~
+By using the `--track` parameter, you can use a remote branch as the basis for a new local branch; this will also set up a "tracking relationship" between the two:
+~~~bash
+git checkout -b new-branch --track origin/develop
+~~~
+git add plop
+git commit -m "+ plop"
+Commiter la nouvelle branche / créer une branche distante
+~~~bash
+git push --set-upstream origin bugfix1
+~~~
+Revenir à la branche master
+~~~bash
+git checkout master
+~~~
+Clonner une branche spécifique
+~~~bash
+git clone -b bugfix1 https://gogs.belaris.fr/BELARIS/test01
+~~~
+git reflog avec date
+~~~bash
+git reflog --date=iso
+git reflog --pretty=short --date=iso
+~~~
+Merge without autocommit
+~~~bash
+git merge mabranch --no-commit --no-ff
+#ou
+git merge mabranch --squash
+~~~
+### Merge - rebase
+Voir
+* https://www.atlassian.com/fr/git/tutorials/comparing-workflows
+* [Recover from an unsuccessful git rebase with the git reflog command](https://opensource.com/article/23/1/git-reflog)
+Merge vs Merge : https://git-flow.readthedocs.io/fr/latest/presentation.html
+~~~bash
+git pull --rebase
+~~~
+Ou pour configurer le rebase par défaut après un **pull**
+~~~bash
+git config --global pull.rebase true
+~~~
+Si conflits
+~~~bash
+git add plop
+git rebase --continue
+~~~
+Si trop compliqué annuler :
+~~~bash
+git rebase --abort
+~~~
+### Annuler un merge
+Jetez un oeil
+~~~bash
+git reflog --date=iso
+# ou
+git log -g
+~~~
+Puis
+~~~bash
+git reset --hard <commit_before_merge>
+# Retour au commit précedent
+git reset --hard HEAD~1
+#Ou pour une branche
+git reset --hard origin/mabranch
+~~~
+## Autre
+Connaître la version du dépôt - Current version
+~~~bash
+git describe --tags
+~~~
+Log history
+~~~bash
+git log --oneline --graph --color --all --decorate
+~~~
+Autres
+~~~
+git push
+warning: push.default n'est pas défini ; sa valeur implicite a changé dans Git 2.0
+de 'matching' vers 'simple'. Pour supprimer ce message et maintenir
+le comportement actuel après la modification de la valeur de défaut, utilisez :
+  git config --global push.default matching
+Pour supprimer ce message et adopter le nouveau comportement maintenant, utilisez :
+  git config --global push.default simple
+Quand push.default vaudra 'matching', git poussera les branches locales
+sur les branches distantes qui existent déjà avec le même nom.
+Depuis Git 2.0, Git utilise par défaut le comportement plus conservatif 'simple'
+qui ne pousse la branche courante que vers la branche distante correspondante
+que 'git pull' utilise pour mettre à jour la branche courante.
+Voir 'git help config' et chercher 'push.default' pour plus d'information.
+(le mode 'simple' a été introduit dans Git 1.7.11. Utilisez le mode similaire
+'current' au lieu de 'simple' si vous utilisez de temps en temps d'anciennes versions de Git)
+~~~
+~~~
+warning: Pulling without specifying how to reconcile divergent branches is
+discouraged. You can squelch this message by running one of the following
+commands sometime before your next pull:
+  git config pull.rebase false  # merge (the default strategy)
+  git config pull.rebase true   # rebase
+  git config pull.ff only       # fast-forward only
+You can replace "git config" with "git config --global" to set a default
+preference for all repositories. You can also pass --rebase, --no-rebase,
+or --ff-only on the command line to override the configured default per
+invocation.
+~~~
+https://www.grafikart.fr/tutoriels/checkout-revert-reset-586
+https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rP3T0Ee6pLU&feature=emb_rel_end
+https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zAtE4hnBao&list=PLtAnN3kwIVucWlr1pyfnmw8qCNaq0tusi&index=2
+https://ohshitgit.com/
+https://perso.liris.cnrs.fr/pierre-antoine.champin/enseignement/intro-git/
+https://rogerdudler.github.io/git-guide/index.fr.html
+    https://delicious-insights.com/fr/articles/bien-utiliser-git-merge-et-rebase/
+    git pull --rebase
+    git rebase origin/master
+postconf -e smtpd_client_restrictions='permit_mynetworks, check_client_access hash:/etc/postfix/client_checks, check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/sender_checks'
+dontreply@mass.datingfactory.com
+https://www.miximum.fr/blog/enfin-comprendre-git/
+https://www.miximum.fr/blog/git-rebase/
+Les branches
+https://git-scm.com/book/fr/v2/Les-branches-avec-Git-Les-branches-en-bref
+https://git-scm.com/book/fr/v2/Les-branches-avec-Git-Branches-et-fusions%C2%A0%3A-les-bases
+RESET
+https://www.atlassian.com/fr/git/tutorials/undoing-changes
+https://makina-corpus.com/blog/metier/archives/git-annuler-proprement-un-commit-apres-un-push
+https://alexgirard.com/git-book/intermediaire/repair-reset-checkout-revert/
+https://opensource.com/article/18/6/git-reset-revert-rebase-commands
+https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/university/training/topics/rollback_commits.html
+STASH
+https://git-scm.com/book/fr/v2/Utilitaires-Git-Remisage-et-nettoyage
+REBASE
+https://openclassrooms.com/fr/courses/5641721-utilisez-git-et-github-pour-vos-projets-de-developpement/6113081-modifiez-vos-branches-avec-rebase
+https://riptutorial.com/fr/git/example/3282/rebase-interactif
+https://delicious-insights.com/fr/articles/bien-utiliser-git-merge-et-rebase/
+Un `git pull` revient à
+* `git fetch`
+* `git merge`
+~~~bash
+git add .
+# Idem mais en plus inclus des supression
+git add --all
+~~~
+~~~bash
+# Checkout the stable branch and find just the latest tag
+git checkout master
+git describe --abbrev=0 --tags
+git tag --sort
+~~~
+undo git add
+~~~bash
+git reset HEAD -- plop
+# ou
+git reset -- plop
+# ou
+git rm --cached plop
+# Suprimer le stagging
+git reset
+# Ou
+git restore --staged <file>...
+~~~
+Status
+~~~bash
+git status -s
+~~~
+Git log pour toutes les branches locales
+~~~bash
+git reflog
+git log --all
+~~~
+Historique des modifications pour un fichier précis.
+~~~bash
+git log --oneline -p README.md
+~~~
+Information sur un commit précis
+~~~bash
+git show 3717
+~~~
+Modifier le dernier message du commit
+~~~bash
+git commit --amend
+~~~
+Diff de la branche avec master
+~~~bash
+git diff origin/master
+~~~
+Diff entre branches
+~~~bash
+git diff --name-only dev1..dev2
+git difftool -y -t vimdiff dev1 dev2 .gitlab-ci.yml
+~~~
+Annuler proprement un commit sans altérer l'historique des commits
+~~~bash
+git revert --no-commit 55dbdf
+~~~
+Une alternative
+~~~bash
+git checkout <commit hash>
+git checkout -b new_branch_name
+~~~
+Autre une alternative
+Normalement ne marche que dans une branche. Permet de changer l'history, de squash, effacer...
+~~~bash
+git rebase -i HEAD~3
+~~~
+Rejouer un commit spécifique / undo `git revert`
+~~~bash
+git cherry-pick 55dbdf
+~~~
+Effacer une branche distante
+~~~bash
+git push origin --delete branchy
+~~~
+Plop
+~~~bash
+git checkout master
+git pull origin master
+git checkout my-branch
+git merge master
+~~~
+### submodule
+Voir
+* https://www.hexotech.fr/blog/le-blog-hexotech-2/comment-gerer-efficacement-un-projet-multi-depot-git-123
+* https://delicious-insights.com/fr/articles/git-submodules/
+* [Git subtree: une alternative à Git submodule](https://gauthier.frama.io/post/git-subtree/)
+~~~bash
+git clone git@acme.fr:toto/plop.git
+cd plop
+git submodule update --init --recursive
+# Ou
+git clone --recurse-submodules git@acme.fr:toto/plop.git
+~~~
+Mise à jour submodule
+~~~bash
+git submodule update module/
+cd module
+git pull origin master
+~~~
+Si commit par erreur d'un submodule
+~~~bash
+git submodule update --force
+~~~
+Affichage plus explicite de la commande `git status`
+~~~bash
+git config --global status.submoduleSummary true
+~~~
+Mise à jour - faire pointer le submodule sur la branche master
+~~~bash
+git submodule foreach git pull origin master
+~~~
+Avec Gitlab CI
+Voir : https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/git_submodules.html
+`.gitlab-ci.yml`
+~~~yaml
+variables:
+  GIT_SUBMODULE_STRATEGY: recursive
+~~~
+## Diagnostique
+~~~bash
+export GIT_TRACE=2
+export GIT_CURL_VERBOSE=2
+export GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE=2
+export GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS=2
+export GIT_TRACE_PACKET=2
+export GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE=2
+export GIT_TRACE_SETUP=2
+export GIT_TRACE_SHALLOW=2
+~~~
+## Autres
+Lol / Lola
+~~~bash
+git config --global alias.lol "log --graph --decorate --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit"
+git config --global alias.lola "log --graph --decorate --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit --all"
+~~~
+~~~bash
+clone --depth 1 $URL
+fetch --unshallow $URL
+~~~
+## Python
+Voir aussi :
+* pygit2
+`reuirements.txt`
+~~~
+GitPython
+~~~
+~~~python
+#! /usr/bin/python3
+import os
+import urllib.parse
+from git import Repo
+mdp=urllib.parse.quote('P@ssw0rd!', safe=`)
+if os.path.isdir('/tmp/clone'):
+    repo = Repo('/tmp/clone')
+    repo.remotes.origin.pull()
+else:
+    repo = Repo.clone_from(f'https://user1:{mdp}@git.acme.local/user1/test01.git', '/tmp/clone', depth=1)
+repo.index.add('plop.txt')
+repo.index.commit('commit msg')
+#origin = repo.remotes[0]
+#origin = repo.remotes['origin']
+origin = repo.remotes.origin
+origin.push()
+~~~