Différences

Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.

--- tech:notes_langue_lang_locale_temps_timezone_tz [2025/05/31 21:55] – Jean-Baptiste
+++ tech:notes_langue_lang_locale_temps_timezone_tz [2026/06/07 19:12] (Version actuelle) – modification externe 127.0.0.1
@@ Ligne 1: / Ligne 1: @@
+<!DOCTYPE markdown>
+{{tag>Brouillon}}
+# Notes langue lang locale Temps timezone TZ
+Voir :
+* [[Notes fuseau horaire - timezone TZ - localtime - heure locale]]
+Voir aussi :
+* [[ubuntu-langue-clavier]]
+* [[pb_lang_qwerty_boot_cryptsetup]]
+## SystemD
+~~~bash
+#timedatectl list-timezones
+timedatectl set-timezone Europe/Paris
+~~~
+## Avant SystemD
+~~~bash
+echo "Europe/Helsinki" > /etc/timezone
+#dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
+dpkg-reconfigure --frontend noninteractive tzdata
+~~~
+### Debian / Ubuntu
+`/etc/locale.gen`
+~~~
+fr_FR.UTF-8 UTF-8
+~~~
+~~~bash
+export LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8
+export LANGUAGE=fr_FR:fr
+export LC_ALL=fr_FR.UTF-8
+# LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
+locale-gen
+dpkg-reconfigure locales
+update-locale LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8
+~~~
+Ou
+~~~bash
+locale-gen fr_FR.UTF-8 UTF-8 && dpkg-reconfigure locales
+~~~
+`/etc/default/keyboard`
+~~~bash
+# KEYBOARD CONFIGURATION FILE
+# Consult the keyboard(5) manual page.
+XKBMODEL="pc105"
+XKBLAYOUT="fr"
+XKBVARIANT="latin9"
+XKBOPTIONS=""
+BACKSPACE="guess"
+~~~
+~~~bash
+sudu setupcon
+~~~
+### Redhat / CentOS
+Source :
+* https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html
+Fichier de conf
+`/etc/locale.conf`
+~~~ini
+LANG=en_US.utf8
+~~~
+Afficher les infos
+~~~bash
+localectl status
+~~~
+Langue
+~~~bash
+localectl list-locales
+#localedef set-locale LANG=en_US.utf8
+localedef set-locale LANG=fr_FR.utf8
+~~~
+Clavier\\
+Voir [Comment mater le clavier sous Linux?](http://bayledes.free.fr/systeme/linux_clavier.phtml)
+~~~bash
+localectl list-keymaps
+#localectl set-keymap us
+localectl set-keymap fr
+#localectl set-x11-keymap fr
+~~~
+## Pb
+### Pb 1
+~~~
+# loadkeys fr
+cannot open file fr
+~~~
+Solution
+~~~bash
+apt-get install kbd console-data
+~~~
+### Pb 2
+Debian 9
+~~~bash
+localectl set-keymap fr
+~~~
+Après reboot, lightdm est bien en français par défaut (même si c'est **en_US.utf8** qui est affiché)
+Par contre la console TTY est toujours en querty.
+Il faut à chaque fois faire
+~~~bash
+loadkeys fr
+# idem pour X11
+setxkbmap fr
+~~~
+**loadkeys persistent**, **loadkeys permanent**
+Il est possible d'ajouter cette commande dans le bashrc, mais existe-il un autre moyen de rendre pour loadkeys persistent
+Solution :
+~~~bash
+apt-get install console-setup
+~~~
+Si cela ne marche toujours pas
+~~~bash
+apt-get install console-data
+apt-get install console-setup
+apt-get install keyboard-configuration
+dpkg-reconfigure console-data
+dpkg-reconfigure console-setup
+dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
+reboot
+~~~
+## Debian - set locale
+~~~
+WARNING! Your environment specifies an invalid locale.
+ The unknown environment variables are:
+   LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8 LC_ALL=
+ This can affect your user experience significantly, including the
+ ability to manage packages. You may install the locales by running:
+   sudo apt-get install language-pack-en
+     or
+   sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
+To see all available language packs, run:
+   apt-cache search "^language-pack-[a-z][a-z]$"
+To disable this message for all users, run:
+   sudo touch /var/lib/cloud/instance/locale-check.skip
+~~~
+## Autres
+a
+`/etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf`
+~~~ini
+#KEYMAP=n
+KEYMAP=y
+~~~
+~~~bash
+update-initramfs -u -k all
+~~~
+b
+~~~
+GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=”rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap vconsole.keymap=us crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 rhgb quiet net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0″
+~~~
+~~~bash
+grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
+~~~
+autres
+~~~bash
+locale-gen fr_FR.UTF-8 UTF-8
+~~~
+Ce qui revient à créer
+`/etc/locale.gen`
+~~~
+# This file lists locales that you wish to have built. You can find a list
+# of valid supported locales at /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED, and you can add
+# user defined locales to /usr/local/share/i18n/SUPPORTED. If you change
+# this file, you need to rerun locale-gen.
+en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
+fr_FR.UTF-8 UTF-8
+~~~
+~~~bash
+update-locale LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8
+~~~
+Ce qui revient à
+`/etc/default/locale`
+~~~bash
+#  File generated by update-locale
+LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8
+~~~
+~~~bash
+dpkg-reconfigure -f noninteractive locales
+env DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install console-setup
+~~~